Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Thickness and Kinematics: Satellite Retrievals and Modeling
Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean ranges from thin new ice to thick deformed ridges.Changes in thickness are due to melting and freezing, and to physical rearrangement of existing ice to form leads and pressure ridges.As a brittle solid, fractures are created when the ice cover moves and deforms.Openings along fractures are sites of local heat exchange b